2 Kings 18
Hezekiah's Early Reign
1Now in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign.
2He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Abi the daughter of Zechariah.
3He did that which was right in the LORD’s eyes, according to all that David his father had done.
4He removed the high places, broke the pillars, and cut down the Asherah. He also broke in pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made, because in those days the children of Israel burned incense to it; and he called it Nehushtan.
5He trusted in the LORD, the God of Israel, so that after him was no one like him among all the kings of Judah, nor among them that were before him.
6For he joined with the LORD. He didn’t depart from following him, but kept his commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses.
7The LORD was with him. Wherever he went, he prospered. He rebelled against the king of Assyria, and didn’t serve him.
8He struck the Philistines to Gaza and its borders, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city.
9In the fourth year of King Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria and besieged it.
10At the end of three years they took it. In the sixth year of Hezekiah, which was the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, Samaria was taken.
11The king of Assyria carried Israel away to Assyria, and put them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes,
12because they didn’t obey the LORD their God’s voice, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear it or do it.
Sennacherib's Invasion and Jerusalem's Deliverance
13Now in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them.
14Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria at Lachish, saying, “I have offended you. Withdraw from me. That which you put on me, I will bear.” The king of Assyria appointed to Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.
15Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the LORD’s house and in the treasures of the king’s house.
16At that time, Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the LORD’s temple, and from the pillars which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria.
17The king of Assyria sent Tartan, Rabsaris, and Rabshakeh from Lachish to King Hezekiah with a great army to Jerusalem. They went up and came to Jerusalem. When they had come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fuller’s field.
18When they had called to the king, Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebnah the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder came out to them.
19Rabshakeh said to them, “Say now to Hezekiah, ‘The great king, the king of Assyria, says, “What confidence is this in which you trust?
20You say (but they are but vain words), ‘There is counsel and strength for war.’ Now on whom do you trust, that you have rebelled against me?
21Now, behold, you trust in the staff of this bruised reed, even in Egypt. If a man leans on it, it will go into his hand and pierce it. So is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who trust on him.
22But if you tell me, ‘We trust in the LORD our God,’ isn’t that he whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah has taken away, and has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, ‘You shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem’?
23Now therefore, please give pledges to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses if you are able on your part to set riders on them.
24How then can you turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master’s servants, and put your trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?
25Have I now come up without the LORD against this place to destroy it? The LORD said to me, ‘Go up against this land, and destroy it.’”’”
26Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, Shebnah, and Joah, said to Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in the Syrian language, for we understand it. Don’t speak with us in the Jews’ language, in the hearing of the people who are on the wall.”
27But Rabshakeh said to them, “Has my master sent me to your master and to you, to speak these words? Hasn’t he sent me to the men who sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own urine with you?”
28Then Rabshakeh stood and cried with a loud voice in the Jews’ language, and spoke, saying, “Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria.
29The king says, ‘Don’t let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you out of his hand.
30Don’t let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, “The LORD will surely deliver us, and this city shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.”
31Don’t listen to Hezekiah.’ For the king of Assyria says, ‘Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and everyone of you eat from his own vine, and everyone from his own fig tree, and everyone drink water from his own cistern;
32until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of olive trees and of honey, that you may live and not die. Don’t listen to Hezekiah when he persuades you, saying, “The LORD will deliver us.”
33Has any of the gods of the nations ever delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
34Where are the gods of Hamath and of Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? Have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?
35Who are they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their country out of my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?’”
36But the people stayed quiet, and answered him not a word; for the king’s commandment was, “Don’t answer him.”
37Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, came with Shebna the scribe and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and told him Rabshakeh’s words.
Hezekiah emerges as Judah's most faithful king, implementing comprehensive religious reforms and trusting wholly in the LORD. His reign contrasts sharply with Israel's fall to Assyria due to covenant unfaithfulness. When Sennacherib of Assyria threatens Jerusalem, Hezekiah initially pays tribute but faces continued Assyrian demands and psychological warfare, setting up a crisis that will test his trust in God's protection.
Context
This chapter follows the account of Israel's wicked kings and sets up the dramatic confrontation between Assyrian power and divine deliverance that continues in chapter 19.
Key Themes
Outline
- 1-8Hezekiah's Righteous Reign and ReformsHezekiah begins ruling at 25, removes idolatrous worship sites including Moses' bronze serpent, and prospers through complete trust in the LORD.
- 9-12Israel's Fall to AssyriaSamaria falls to Shalmaneser after a three-year siege, with Israel exiled due to covenant disobedience, contrasting Hezekiah's faithfulness.
- 13-16Hezekiah's Tribute to SennacheribSennacherib captures Judah's fortified cities, prompting Hezekiah to pay heavy tribute from temple and royal treasuries.
- 17-37Assyrian Siege and Propaganda CampaignDespite receiving tribute, Assyria besieges Jerusalem and launches psychological warfare, mocking Hezekiah's trust in the LORD and demanding surrender.
Hezekiah's Early Reign
18:1–18:12Hezekiah becomes king of Judah and institutes righteous reforms, removing idolatrous worship sites and trusting in the LORD, while the northern kingdom falls to Assyria.
person_contrast
Hezekiah's obedience to Moses' commandments (v. 6) creates a rare biblical parallel between royal authority and Torah compliance, contrasting sharply with typical kingly narratives focused on political power.
Sennacherib's Invasion and Jerusalem's Deliverance
18:13–19:37Sennacherib of Assyria invades Judah and threatens Jerusalem with psychological warfare, challenging Hezekiah's trust in God and demanding surrender.
person_contrast
Hezekiah's transformation from tribute-paying vassal ("I have offended you") to divinely protected king reveals the narrative's central tension between human diplomacy and divine intervention.
2 Kings 18:1
2 Kings 17:1lexicalIn the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah began to reign in Samaria over Israel for nine years.
2 Kings 15:30lexicalHoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, attacked him, killed him, and reigned in his…
2 Kings 16:20lexicalAhaz slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in David’s city; and Hezekiah his son reigned in his place.
2 Chronicles 28:27lexicalAhaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem, because they didn’t bring him into the…
2 Kings 18:2
2 Chronicles 29:1lexicalHezekiah began to reign when he was twenty-five years old, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s n…
2 Kings 14:2lexicalHe was twenty-five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name wa…
2 Chronicles 25:1lexicalAmaziah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s na…
1 Kings 22:42lexicalJehoshaphat was thirty-five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother’…
2 Chronicles 20:31lexicalSo Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah. He was thirty-five years old when he began to reign. He reigned twenty-five years in…
2 Kings 18:4
2 Chronicles 31:1lexicalNow when all this was finished, all Israel who were present went out to the cities of Judah and broke the pillars in pie…
Exodus 34:13lexicalbut you shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and you shall cut down their Asherah poles;
2 Kings 23:14lexicalHe broke in pieces the pillars, cut down the Asherah poles, and filled their places with men’s bones.
1 Kings 14:23lexicalFor they also built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every gre…
Deuteronomy 12:3lexicalYou shall break down their altars, dash their pillars in pieces, and burn their Asherah poles with fire. You shall cut d…
2 Kings 18:9
2 Kings 17:3lexicalShalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute.
2 Kings 17:1lexicalIn the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah began to reign in Samaria over Israel for nine years.
2 Kings 17:6lexicalIn the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Hala…
2 Kings 17:5lexicalThen the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.
2 Kings 15:30lexicalHoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, attacked him, killed him, and reigned in his…
2 Kings 18:10
2 Kings 17:1lexicalIn the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah began to reign in Samaria over Israel for nine years.
2 Kings 17:6lexicalIn the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Hala…
2 Kings 18:11
2 Kings 17:6lexicalIn the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Hala…
1 Chronicles 5:26lexicalSo the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath Pilneser king of Assyria, a…
2 Kings 18:13
Isaiah 36:1lexicalNow in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked all of the fortified cities of Judah a…
2 Chronicles 32:1lexicalAfter these things and this faithfulness, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, entered into Judah, encamped against the for…
2 Chronicles 32:22lexicalThus the LORD saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib the king of Assyria and from…
2 Chronicles 32:9lexicalAfter this, Sennacherib king of Assyria sent his servants to Jerusalem, (now he was attacking Lachish, and all his force…
2 Kings 19:20lexicalThen Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, “The LORD, the God of Israel, says ‘You have prayed to me against…
2 Kings 18:14
1 Chronicles 29:4lexicaleven three thousand talents of gold, of the gold of Ophir, and seven thousand talents of refined silver, with which to o…
2 Chronicles 32:9lexicalAfter this, Sennacherib king of Assyria sent his servants to Jerusalem, (now he was attacking Lachish, and all his force…
Isaiah 36:2lexicalThe king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem to King Hezekiah with a large army. He stood by the aqueduc…
2 Kings 15:19lexicalPul the king of Assyria came against the land, and Menahem gave Pul one thousand talents of silver, that his hand might…
Exodus 38:24lexicalAll the gold that was used for the work in all the work of the sanctuary, even the gold of the offering, was twenty-nine…
2 Kings 18:15
Isaiah 39:2lexicalHezekiah was pleased with them, and showed them the house of his precious things, the silver, the gold, the spices, and…
2 Kings 20:13lexicalHezekiah listened to them, and showed them all the storehouse of his precious things—the silver, the gold, the spices, a…
2 Chronicles 32:27lexicalHezekiah had exceedingly great riches and honor. He provided himself with treasuries for silver, for gold, for precious…
2 Kings 18:17
Isaiah 36:2lexicalThe king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem to King Hezekiah with a large army. He stood by the aqueduc…
Isaiah 7:3lexicalThen the LORD said to Isaiah, “Go out now to meet Ahaz, you, and Shearjashub your son, at the end of the conduit of the…
2 Kings 20:20lexicalNow the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he made the pool, and the conduit, and brought water in…
2 Kings 19:8lexicalSo Rabshakeh returned and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he had departed from L…
Isaiah 37:8lexicalSo Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah, for he heard that he had departed from Lach…
2 Kings 18:18
Isaiah 36:3lexicalThen Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the recor…
Isaiah 36:22lexicalThen Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the recor…
Isaiah 36:11lexicalThen Eliakim, Shebna and Joah said to Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it. Don’t…
2 Kings 19:2lexicalHe sent Eliakim, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, t…
Isaiah 37:2lexicalHe sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackclot…
2 Kings 18:19
Isaiah 36:4lexicalRabshakeh said to them, “Now tell Hezekiah, ‘The great king, the king of Assyria, says, “What confidence is this in whic…
Isaiah 36:2lexicalThe king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem to King Hezekiah with a large army. He stood by the aqueduc…
2 Kings 19:10lexical“Tell Hezekiah king of Judah this: ‘Don’t let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying, Jerusalem will not be give…
Isaiah 37:10lexical“Thus you shall speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, ‘Don’t let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying, “Jer…
Isaiah 36:15lexicalDon’t let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, “The LORD will surely deliver us. This city won’t be given into t…
2 Kings 18:22
Isaiah 36:7lexicalBut if you tell me, ‘We trust in the LORD our God,’ isn’t that he whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah has taken…
2 Chronicles 32:12lexicalHasn’t the same Hezekiah taken away his high places and his altars, and commanded Judah and Jerusalem, saying, ‘You shal…
2 Chronicles 33:3lexicalFor he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he raised up altars for the Baals, mad…
2 Kings 21:3lexicalFor he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he raised up altars for Baal, and made a…
2 Kings 18:23
Isaiah 36:8lexicalNow therefore, please make a pledge to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses, if you ar…
Ezekiel 23:23lexicalthe Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; all of them desirable young me…
Ezekiel 23:12lexicalShe lusted after the Assyrians, governors and rulers—her neighbors, clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding on horses,…
2 Kings 18:24
Isaiah 36:9lexicalHow then can you turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master’s servants, and put your trust in Egypt for…
Isaiah 31:1lexicalWoe to those who go down to Egypt for help, and rely on horses, and trust in chariots because they are many, and in hors…
2 Kings 6:15lexicalWhen the servant of the man of God had risen early and gone out, behold, an army with horses and chariots was around the…
2 Kings 18:26
Isaiah 36:11lexicalThen Eliakim, Shebna and Joah said to Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it. Don’t…
Isaiah 36:22lexicalThen Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the recor…
Isaiah 36:3lexicalThen Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the recor…
Isaiah 36:13lexicalThen Rabshakeh stood, and called out with a loud voice in the Jews’ language, and said, “Hear the words of the great kin…
Isaiah 37:2lexicalHe sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackclot…
2 Kings 18:28
Isaiah 36:13lexicalThen Rabshakeh stood, and called out with a loud voice in the Jews’ language, and said, “Hear the words of the great kin…
Isaiah 36:11lexicalThen Eliakim, Shebna and Joah said to Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it. Don’t…
2 Kings 18:29
Isaiah 36:14lexicalThe king says, ‘Don’t let Hezekiah deceive you; for he will not be able to deliver you.
2 Chronicles 32:15lexicalNow therefore don’t let Hezekiah deceive you nor persuade you in this way. Don’t believe him, for no god of any nation o…
2 Kings 18:30
Isaiah 36:15lexicalDon’t let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, “The LORD will surely deliver us. This city won’t be given into t…
2 Kings 19:10lexical“Tell Hezekiah king of Judah this: ‘Don’t let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying, Jerusalem will not be give…
Isaiah 37:10lexical“Thus you shall speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, ‘Don’t let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying, “Jer…
Isaiah 36:4lexicalRabshakeh said to them, “Now tell Hezekiah, ‘The great king, the king of Assyria, says, “What confidence is this in whic…
Isaiah 36:18lexicalBeware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, “The LORD will deliver us.” Have any of the gods of the nations delivered the…
2 Kings 18:31
Isaiah 36:16lexicalDon’t listen to Hezekiah, for the king of Assyria says, ‘Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and each of you ea…
Numbers 20:5lexicalWhy have you made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in to this evil place? It is no place of seed, or of figs, or…
2 Kings 18:32
Nehemiah 5:11lexicalPlease restore to them, even today, their fields, their vineyards, their olive groves, and their houses, also the hundre…
2 Chronicles 31:5lexicalAs soon as the commandment went out, the children of Israel gave in abundance the first fruits of grain, new wine, oil,…
Isaiah 36:17lexicaluntil I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards…
Deuteronomy 14:23lexicalYou shall eat before the LORD your God, in the place which he chooses to cause his name to dwell, the tithe of your grai…
Nehemiah 13:12lexicalThen all Judah brought the tithe of the grain, the new wine, and the oil to the treasuries.
2 Kings 18:34
Isaiah 37:13lexicalWhere is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?’”
2 Kings 19:13lexicalWhere is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?’”
Isaiah 36:19lexicalWhere are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?
2 Kings 17:24lexicalThe king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, from Cuthah, from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them…
Isaiah 10:9lexicalIsn’t Calno like Carchemish? Isn’t Hamath like Arpad? Isn’t Samaria like Damascus?”
2 Kings 18:37
Isaiah 36:22lexicalThen Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the recor…
Isaiah 36:3lexicalThen Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the recor…
Isaiah 36:11lexicalThen Eliakim, Shebna and Joah said to Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it. Don’t…
2 Kings 19:2lexicalHe sent Eliakim, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, t…
Isaiah 37:2lexicalHe sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackclot…
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